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GCSE Geography Revision Notes:

Population and Development

Population growth
Population change through time
Rural to urban migration is a feature of LEDC

- Migration in Brazil
What might the examiner ask?

Population growth

Birth Rate - The number of babies born in a country each year per 1000 of the total population
Death Rate - The number of people in a country who die in a year out of every 1000 of the total population
Natural Increase/Growth rate - This is the birth rate minus the death rate (given as a percentage)

Population change through time

	Birth Rate	Reason	Death Rate	Reason
LEDCs	High	No contraception Couples have many babies to compensate for the high death rate caused by poor health care Large families need to work in primary industries to contribute to family income Children look after old Religious reasons	High	Poor medical facilities Disease Poor nutrition High Infant mortality
NICs	High/ Decreasing	People are used to having many children. Takes time for culture to change	Decreasing	As an economy develops money becomes available for better health care Housing improves Better childcare
MEDCs	Low	Children are expensive People know their children are going to survive so they can keep their families small Widely available contraceptives	Low	Better health care Better standard of living

Rural to urban migration is a feature of LEDC - Migration in Brazil

1. In Brazil, movements towards the South East industrial region (Sao Paulo etc) from the North East drought zone called the Caatinga.

Why?

Push Factors:

Drought
Poor standard of living

Pull Factors:
Chance of a better job
Chance of a better standard of living
Chance of a better education

2. In Brazil, movements towards the Amazon Rainforest from the North East drought zone called the Caatinga.
Why?
Push Factors:
Drought
Poor standard of living

Pull Factors:
Settlers attracted by cheap land
Iron ore and HEP industry
Free plots of land offered by the Brazilian Government

What might the examiner ask?

Definitions BR/DR natural increase
Working of model
Characteristic stage for ELDC
Recognition of level of development